The British government has introduced an advisory definition of anti-Muslim hostility in an effort to guide authorities in identifying and addressing abuse targeting Muslims. The move follows years of debate over how to define anti Muslim hatred while preserving the right to open discussion on extremism and public policy.
Officials said the definition aims to improve clarity in the response of institutions and law enforcement. The measure seeks to address hostile behaviour directed at Muslims or people perceived as Muslim.
Government data shows nearly 4,500 hate crimes targeted Muslims in the year ending March 2025. These incidents represent close to half of all religiously motivated offences recorded in England and Wales. The figures include cases where victims faced attacks after being wrongly assumed to follow Islam.
The new definition outlines forms of hostility such as violence, vandalism, harassment, intimidation, and prejudicial stereotyping directed toward Muslims. Authorities described the step as an effort to protect individuals from hostile conduct intended to intimidate or divide communities.
Officials stressed that the definition holds advisory status and does not carry legal force. They stated that freedom of expression remains protected and that lawful criticism of religious beliefs, including Islam, remains permitted.
Some Opposition lawmakers argued the wording risks creating a form of blasphemy protection.