The 26th of January is more than just a date etched into our calendars; it is a solemn reminder of the day India gave itself a Constitution that articulated the dreams and aspirations of a diverse nation. Republic Day commemorates the adoption of this Constitution in 1950, a moment when India transitioned from a colony to a republic, a state governed by the will of its people. It is a day to reflect not only on the journey traversed but also on the road ahead. As we celebrate another Republic Day, we must ask ourselves: Are we truly living up to the vision laid out by our founding document? As we hoist the tricolour this Republic Day, let’s ask ourselves, are we doing justice to its three colours – courage, peace, and growth?
Celebrating the Constitution’s Resilience
India’s Constitution is a remarkable document, not just in its depth and scope but also in its resilience. Over the past seven decades, it has withstood the pressures of war, political crises, social movements, and economic transformations. It has been amended numerous times, evolving to meet the changing needs of the nation while retaining its foundational principles.
Institutions such as the judiciary, the press, and civil society have played pivotal roles in upholding its spirit. The judiciary, through landmark judgments, has sought to balance the scales of justice, ensuring that the rights enshrined in the Constitution are not mere words but living realities. However, its independence has come under scrutiny, with delays in judicial appointments and perceptions of selective prioritisation of cases raising concerns. The press, often called the fourth pillar of democracy, has served as a watchdog, bringing transparency and accountability to governance. Yet, increasing instances of media polarisation and self-censorship have diluted its effectiveness. Civil society has acted as a conscience-keeper, mobilising movements that challenge injustices and demand change. However, the shrinking space for dissent and the growing regulatory pressures on NGOs have posed significant hurdles to its functioning.
Another cornerstone of the Constitution is the principle of fraternity, which inspires a sense of brotherhood and shared responsibility among citizens. Fraternity is not just a lofty ideal; it is the spirit that binds India’s vast and varied populace into a cohesive society. It transcends divisions of caste, creed, religion, and region, promoting respect, empathy, and solidarity. However, rising instances of divisive rhetoric and social discord pose significant challenges to this ideal. To strengthen fraternity, it is imperative to counter hate, champion inclusivity, and foster a culture of dialogue and mutual understanding. This spirit of togetherness is essential for realising the vision of “unity in diversity” that defines the soul of our republic.
This resilience, however, cannot be taken for granted. The Constitution’s endurance is a reflection of the efforts of generations of Indians who have fought for its principles. From the struggles for civil liberties during the Emergency to the movements advocating for the rights of marginalised communities, every era has added its chapter to the story of India’s democracy. But as we look back with pride, we must also look forward with determination, for each generation bears the responsibility of safeguarding this legacy.
Challenges to Democracy and Federalism
Yet, as we celebrate this resilience, we cannot ignore the challenges that confront our democracy. Increasing centralisation of power threatens the delicate balance of federalism, a cornerstone of our Constitution. The friction between state and central governments over resources, policies, and governance models often undermines the autonomy of states. Federalism is not just a structural arrangement but a recognition of India’s vast diversity. The principle of decentralisation ensures that governance remains responsive to local needs and aspirations. However, when this balance is disrupted, it leads to alienation and unrest. Recent instances of state governments clashing with the Centre over issues like GST revenues, environmental policies, and law enforcement reveal a growing strain on this relationship. These disputes are far from being mere administrative issues; they carry significant ramifications for the very fabric of our democracy. The centralisation of power is not an incidental shift but part of a deliberate, long-term agenda aimed at consolidating control at the Centre, weakening regional autonomy, and imposing a uniform governance model that prioritises ideological conformity over diversity.
Moreover, the political destruction of democratic institutions poses another significant threat. Institutions meant to serve as checks and balances are increasingly being perceived as extensions of political power. The loss of trust in these institutions undermines the very foundation of a republic, where governance is supposed to be based on laws and not on the whims of individuals in power.
Rising Inequalities
One of the most pressing issues facing our republic is the growing inequality. Economic disparities have widened, exacerbated by both global trends and domestic policies. The COVID-19 pandemic, laid bare the vulnerabilities of millions, from migrant workers to small businesses, highlighting systemic inequities that need urgent redressal.
The wealth gap is not just an economic issue but a social one, as it often translates into unequal access to education, healthcare, and opportunities which are monopoly of a few influential people. While urban centres continue to grow and attract investment, rural areas struggle with inadequate infrastructure and dwindling resources. This urban-rural divide not only hampers economic growth but also fuels migration, leading to overcrowded cities and neglected villages.
Social inequalities, too, persist. Marginalised communities often bear the brunt of discrimination, exclusion, and violence. Regional disparities further compound the issue, with some areas flourishing while others remain trapped in cycles of poverty. For the republic to thrive, it must ensure that its fruits are equitably shared.
Another concerning issue is the persistent digital divide. While India strives to establish itself as a digital powerhouse, millions remain without basic internet access. Even where connectivity exists, it often falls significantly short of international standards. This divide excludes vast sections of the population from opportunities in education, employment, and e-governance. Bridging this gap is crucial for ensuring that technological progress benefits everyone, not just a privileged few.
The Role of Citizens in a Republic
A republic’s strength lies in its people. The Constitution begins with the words “We, the people of India,” underscoring the collective responsibility of citizens to uphold its values. Active participation in democratic processes, from voting to public discourse, is essential to keep democracy alive.
Dissent and debate are not threats to democracy; they are its lifeblood. Grassroots movements and individual actions often serve as catalysts for change, challenging entrenched injustices and inspiring hope. As citizens, we must reclaim our role as custodians of the republic, demanding accountability, transparency, and fairness in governance.
Civic engagement, however, goes beyond the ballot box. It includes volunteering for social causes, supporting local governance initiatives, and fostering a culture of dialogue and understanding. In a diverse country like India, empathy and respect for differing perspectives are vital for maintaining social harmony. Citizens must also play a proactive role in combating misinformation and fostering informed discussions on issues that matter.
Towards a More Perfect Republic
As we unfurl the tricolour this Republic Day, let’s reaffirm our commitment to the ideals enshrined in our Constitution. Justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity are not merely aspirational concepts; they are essential pillars of our nation’s progress. To realise these ideals, we must bridge the economic, social, and political divides that fragment our society.
To create a more inclusive and resilient republic, reforms in governance, education, and social equity are crucial. We also need to cultivate a culture of empathy, dialogue, and mutual respect, recognising that India’s diversity is its greatest strength.
Climate change presents a significant challenge that demands our immediate attention. As a republic, we must take bold steps to combat environmental degradation and ensure sustainable development for future generations. It is essential to implement policies that prioritise renewable energy, conservation, and disaster preparedness, thereby fostering a resilient and sustainable India.
Our global standing hinges on internal cohesion; a fractured society cannot effectively project strength or leadership on the world stage. By addressing internal disparities and promoting unity, India can better navigate the complexities of an increasingly interconnected world.
The Republic Day is more than a mere celebration; it is a call to action. It serves as a reminder that the Constitution is a living document, one that requires our constant engagement and vigilance. Each generation has the opportunity and responsibility to shape the republic in ways that reflect its founding principles.
The youth, in particular, hold the key to our republic’s future. By embracing innovation, championing social causes, and actively participating in democratic processes, they can drive transformative change. Educational institutions must contribute by instilling constitutional values and critical thinking skills, thus preparing the next generation to tackle the challenges of the 21st century.
As we stand at this pivotal moment in history, let’s pledge to renew the promise of our republic, ensuring that its three colours – courage, peace, and growth – shine brightly for generations to come. By remaining true to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality, we can cultivate a republic that not only survives but thrives – one that embodies the aspirations of its people and serves as a beacon of hope for the world.
[The writer is Assistant Secretary, Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]