In a world often marked by division and disharmony, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ with the timeless message of tolerance he championed shines as a beacon of hope and guidance. The pages of history bear witness to the profound impact of his teachings and actions, which continue to resonate in the hearts of people across the globe. In this exploration of the Prophet’s Promotion of Tolerance, we journey through the annals of time, uncovering inspiring stories and insights that reveal the Prophet’s unwavering commitment to fostering understanding, compassion, and respect for diversity.
The Prophet’s Enduring Legacy
In his book, The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History, Michael H. Hart has rated Prophet Muhammad ﷺas No. 1 in the list of 100 most influential personalities in the world who changed the course of history. Hart explains the reasons for selecting Prophet Muhammad ﷺas No. 1:
“My choice of Muhammad to lead the list of the world’s most influential persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the religious and secular levels. Of humble origins, Muhammad founded and promulgated one of the world’s great religions, and became an immensely effective political leader. Today, thirteen centuries after his death, his influence is still powerful and pervasive.”
The Qur’ānic Message of Tolerance
When we reflect on the teachings and actions of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, one aspect stands out – the promotion of tolerance, coexistence, and respect for diversity. Surah Al-Hujurat (49:14) in the Qur’ān reminds us that true faith is more than just making declarations; it requires a transformation within our hearts. This verse emphasizes that we must look beyond surface-level differences to truly understand each other’s beliefs and cultures. This message from the Qur’ān is especially relevant in India, where there exists a rich tapestry of religious, cultural, and ethnic diversity.
The Trial in Taif
During a period of turmoil in early Islamic history, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ encountered strong opposition in Makkah. He faced the loss of his unwavering supporters, Khadijah and Abu Talib. In an effort to spread the teachings of Islam, he traveled to Taif with hope. However, the leaders of Taif rejected his message and even incited children to throw stones at him. This forced him to leave Taif, wounded and disheartened.
Despite these challenges, Prophet Muhammad ﷺchose mercy over revenge. In a sincere prayer, he expressed his desire for future generations to receive guidance rather than seeking immediate retribution on those who harmed him. Even though Angel Jibreel offered to crush the mountains surrounding Taif, by Allah’s will, as a form of punishment, the Prophet ﷺdeclined.
Today, Taif stands as a thriving city with a Muslim majority population, serving as evidence of Prophet Muhammad’s enduring vision, patience, and merciful approach towards spreading Islam.
The Lesson of Taif
The key takeaway from Taif is that individuals who lack knowledge about Islam are more likely to accept it once they receive proper education. Once they gain a better understanding of Islam, they may either choose to adopt it or show their support to it. In the context of India, the Muslim community should learn from the events in Taif and recognize that it is their duty to spread awareness about Islam among those who are unfamiliar with it. When these individuals grasp the essence of Islam, they may make a decision to accept its teachings or offer their backing to its principles.
The Transformation of Thumamah ibn Uthal
An excellent illustration is the story of Thumamah ibn Uthal, an influential leader in ancient Arab times. Initially, he vehemently declined the Prophet’s offer to accept Islam and even considered resorting to violence. Thumamah was a man of significant stature in his tribe, and his conversion to Islam would have a significant impact.
Thumamah’s transformation began when the Prophet Muhammad ﷺdisplayed remarkable patience, kindness, and unwavering commitment to propagate the teachings of Islam. The Prophet’s actions were marked by compassion and understanding, which eventually softened Thumamah’s heart.
The Prophet went home to his family and said, “Get what food you can and send it to Thumamah ibn Uthal.” He then ordered his camel to be milked for him. All this was done before he met Thumamah or had spoken to him.
The Prophet then approached Thumamah, hoping to encourage him to become a Muslim. “What do you have to say for yourself?” he asked.
“If you want to kill in reprisal,” Thumamah replied, “you can have someone of noble blood to kill. If, out of your bounty, you want to forgive, I shall be grateful. If you want money in compensation, I shall give you whatever amount you ask.”
The Prophet then left him for two days but still personally sent him food and drink and milk. The Prophet went back to him and asked, “What do you have to say for yourself?” Thumamah repeated what he had said the day before. The Prophet then left and came back to him the following day. “What do you have to say for yourself?” he asked again, and Thumamah repeated what he had said once more. Then the Prophet turned to his companions and said, “Set him free.”
Thumamah left the mosque of the Prophet and rode until he came to a palm grove on the outskirts of Madinah near al-Baqi’. He watered his camel and washed himself well. Then he turned back and made his way to the Prophet’s Mosque. There, he stood before a congregation of Muslims and said: “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger.” He then went to the Prophet ﷺand said: “O Muhammad, by God, there was never on this earth a face more detestable than yours. Now, yours is the dearest face of all to me.”
“I have killed some of your men,” he continued, “I am at your mercy. What will you have done to me?”
“There is now no blame on you, Thumamah,” replied the Prophet. “Becoming a Muslim obliterates past actions and marks a new beginning.”
The Charter of Madinah and Peaceful Coexistence
The Charter of Madinah, an important historical document that advocated for equal rights and obligations among individuals belonging to different religions, provides a blueprint for peaceful cohabitation. By embracing these principles, India can aim to create a society wherein people from various religious backgrounds peacefully coexist and hold each other in high regard. It is crucial to cultivate an atmosphere where religious disparities are embraced rather than feared and where open communication and collaboration between communities thrive. This vision is not only a lofty ideal but also a necessity for a country as culturally diverse as India.
Scholars’ Insights on Islamic Tolerance
Marmaduke Pickthall, a prominent Western Islamic scholar, played a pivotal role in debunking common Western misconceptions that often portrayed Islam as an intolerant religion. He delved deep into the annals of history to provide compelling evidence of the inclusive nature of Islam. Throughout history, Muslims have consistently demonstrated their commitment to providing refuge and support to those fleeing persecution, regardless of their religious background. This spirit of inclusivity extended to Jews, Christians, and individuals of various faiths, contributing significantly to the rich tapestry of Islamic civilization.
Furthermore, Pickthall shed light on the enduring significance of the Charter given by Prophet Muhammad ﷺto the Christian monks of Sinai. In his perspective, this document isn’t a relic of the past but rather an ever-evolving covenant that binds every member of the Muslim community until the end of days. Tolerance, as elucidated by Pickthall, occupies a central place in Islamic principles, transcending individuals, groups, and nations. It functions as a mechanism that upholds human rights and ensures the adherence to just laws.
Prophet Muhammad ﷺhimself underscored the importance of tolerance in various aspects of daily life. He invoked divine mercy, saying, “May Allah have mercy on a man who is tolerant when selling, buying, and seeking repayment.”
Ibn Abbas, a companion of the Prophet, reported that the Messenger of Allah emphasized, “Be tolerant, and you will receive tolerance.” This core Islamic principle of tolerance isn’t rooted in indifference but rather in the rejection of any deviation from the fundamental beliefs of Islam.
Through the teachings and actions of the Prophet and the insights of scholars like Pickthall, it becomes evident that tolerance is an essential facet of Islamic ethics, one that continues to shape the character of Muslim societies and their interactions with diverse communities across the world.
An Epitome of Tolerance
Renowned Islamic scholar, Annemarie Schimmel, offered a thought-provoking insight into the significant role played by Prophet Muhammad ﷺin promoting tolerance within Islamic teachings. She emphasized that “In Islam, the Prophet serves as an epitome of tolerance, compassion, and forgiveness,” shedding light on the fundamental essence of his mission. Throughout his life and teachings, Muhammad ﷺconsistently demonstrated these virtues which became the basis for Islamic ethics and social behavior.
Schimmel’s words highlight the profound impact of the Prophet’s actions and guidance. He advocated for understanding, forgiveness, and compassion as essential qualities that transcend religious and ethnic boundaries. A testament to his commitment to tolerance is evident in his treaty of Madinah which safeguarded the rights of diverse communities. The legacy left behind by Muhammad ﷺserves as an eternal reminder of the potential for peaceful coexistence among all people.
Promoting Religious Harmony in Today’s World
In a world grappling with divisions, Schimmel’s insights serve as a powerful reminder of the enduring significance of the Prophet’s message of tolerance. It stands as a beacon, motivating individuals to nurture empathy, facilitate dialogue, and forge connections across differences. Muhammad’s legacy remains an ever-present source of comfort and optimism, guiding us towards a more encompassing and compassionate global society.
The Victory of Tolerance: Fateh Makkah
Here, I remember the historic victory of Islam, Fateh Makkah. There were the people who dwelled in Makkah, who had stolen the properties of Muslims and killed a large number of Muslims for accepting and practicing Islam. When returning as victorious persons, Prophet Muhammadﷺ, with around 10,000 companions, humbled himself, lowering his head, touching the back of the camel. He entered Makkah while praising Almighty Allah.
Afterward, he questioned the people of Makkah: “O people of Quraish, what do you think I am going to do to you?”
The purpose of asking this question was to understand what they would have done if they were in his position. In response, they looked down humbly and said: “We have good hope in you; you’re a nobleman, the son of a nobleman.”
The Prophet said: “Go, you are free. I say to you as Yusuf said to his brothers: ‘No blame upon you today. Allah will forgive you, for He is the most merciful of the merciful’ (12:92).”
Their reply itself gives the message of Islam, highlighting the noble character of the Prophet and his level of tolerance.
The Farewell Sermon and Inclusivity
Apart from the historical records, the Farewell Sermon of the Prophet ﷺhighlights the significance of treating all individuals equally, irrespective of their origins. His message continues to have an impact today, serving as a reminder that we should strive to eliminate biases and foster inclusivity. In contemporary India, a country known for its diverse religious practices and convictions, we can draw inspiration from these teachings to promote religious harmony and enhance mutual understanding among different faiths.
Amidst the intricate complexities of our era, the teachings of the Prophet ﷺremind us that religious harmony and understanding are not mere ideals; they are essential prerequisites for coexistence. They form the bedrock upon which a diverse society can flourish harmoniously. By embracing these timeless lessons from the life of the Prophetﷺ, India can continue its journey towards becoming an inclusive and united nation where diversity is celebrated, and all communities peacefully coexist in mutual understanding.